Airway Management Using the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique to Improve Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Bronchial Asthma in the Emergency Department

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes airway obstruction and decreased oxygen saturation, particularly during acute attacks. Oxygen therapy plays an essential role in maintaining oxygen saturation within the range of 95–98%. One of the nursing interventions for airway management in patients with bronchial asthma is the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT).

Methods: This study employed a descriptive design with a case study approach. The research was conducted in the Emergency Department of Ibnu Sina Hospital, involving one patient as the subject.

Results: The patient, a 52-year-old female, initially presented with complaints of shortness of breath, chest pain, and productive cough. Her respiratory rate was 27 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation was 91%. After three sessions of ACBT, the respiratory rate decreased to 22 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation increased to 96%, and clinical signs of dyspnea were reduced. The findings indicate that ACBT is effective in alleviating shortness of breath, as evidenced by improved oxygen saturation and normalized breathing patterns.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) is effective as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce dyspnea in patients with bronchial asthma. Given its clinical benefits, this technique can be recommended as part of a holistic approach to airway management in bronchial asthma, particularly for patients seeking complementary strategies alongside pharmacological therapy.